ADB

Useful Docs

ADB is part of the Platform Tools software - https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/platform-tools.html
Update Images/Manual update steps/commands - https://developers.google.com/android/ota
Factory Images/Manual update steps/commands - https://developers.google.com/android/images
USB Vendor Device ID List - https://developer.android.com/studio/run/device.html#VendorIds

Update (OTA) Image Steps

Note: requires adb tool, download an appropriate image, and verify checksum
1. With the device powered on and USB debugging enabled (in Developer mode/menu on the phone), reboot into recovery mode

# adb reboot recovery

2. Ready the device to accept an update
Hold the Power button and press Volume Up once, and a menu will appear. Select: Apply update from ADB.
3. Check if you system see the device and that it is ready, should show up with "sideload" next to its name

# adb devices

4. Update the device

# adb sideload ota_file.zip

5. Once the update finishes, reboot the device by choosing: Reboot system now 6. Disable USB debugging on the Developer menu, for security, it should not be active when the device is not being updated

Factory Image Steps

Note: requires adb tool, unlock the bootloader, download an appropriate image, verify checksum, and unzip the image
1. Run the flash-all script. This script installs the necessary bootloader, baseband firmware(s), and operating system

# ./flash-all.sh

2. Lock your bootloader

Unlock Bootloader

1. With the device powered on and USB debugging and OEM unlocking enabled (in Developer mode/menu on the phone), reboot into fastboot mode

# adb reboot bootloader

2. Unlock the bootloader. The target device will show you a confirmation screen. (This erases all data on the target device.) 2a. If you are updating a newer device (2015 and later devices, like Nexus 5X or Nexus 6P using hammerhead or angler builds)

# fastboot flashing unlock

2b. OR, If you are updating an older device (2014 and earlier)

# fastboot oem unlock

Lock Bootloader

1. With the device powered on and USB debugging and OEM unlocking enabled (in Developer mode/menu on the phone), reboot into fastboot mode

# adb reboot bootloader

2. Lock the bootloader. This will wipe the data (not the OS) on some devices. 2a. If you are updating a newer device (2015 and later devices, like Nexus 5X or Nexus 6P using hammerhead or angler builds)

# fastboot flashing lock

2b. OR, If you are updating an older device (2014 and earlier)

# fastboot oem lock

3. Disable OEM unlocking (in Developer mode/menu on the phone)

Adding ADB To Path

Temporary

# export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/adb/dir

Permanent
add the Temporary line to the end of the .bashrc for the user

# vi ~/.bashrc

Linux udev Rules

If running adb on Linux, you may need to setup udev to allow access to your android device over USB
Add a udev rules file that contains a USB configuration for each device you want to use for adb/development (you may want to view files in /etc/udev/rules.d/ to check syntax for your specific udev version). Each device manufacturer is identified by a unique vendor ID, as specified by the ATTR{idVendor} property. There is a list of these ID's available, but you can get this information from dmesg (dmesg|tail) after plugging in your device via USB.
As root, create /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules with contents similar to this

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="18d1", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"

Note: MODE specifies read/write permissions, GROUP defines which Unix group owns the device node.